Interstate trade disputes as a manifestation of protectionism policy.

Abstract

The features of modern interstate trade disputes and their subject-object characteristics are investigated. The emphasis is placed on the domination and identification of protectionist policies in the process of implementing the policy of protecting national markets for goods, services, intellectual property objects from foreign competition, and forms of manifestation of non-protectionist actions are defined. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of WTO trade disputes has been carried out; in particular, the basic tools of the most active Member States as a plaintiff and defendant are analyzed. It was determined that the most conflicts occurred between the US and the EU, the US and China, between China and the EU. Methods and instruments for introducing trade conflicts between the above-mentioned countries are systematized, including direct and covert protectionism, imposing their own standards, abuse of WTO anti-dumping measures, export restrictions, and abuse of phytosanitary standards. The main determinants of the most violent 21st century trade conflict between the United States and China regarding the import of steel and aluminum into the United States are analyzed. The causes of the confrontation, the chronological sequence of actions of the governments of the countries are studied, the possible results of the conflict are analyzed. It has been concluded that the effects of trade disputes are likely to cause a deterioration in the well-being of people around the world.