Digitalization and digital transformations in the EU

Abstract

The state and features of the process of digitalization and digital transformations in the EU in 2014-2019 are analyzed in the article. It is established that in 2010-2021 the European Commission created a thorough institutional framework for digitalization and digital transformations, which continues to improve, developed a system for monitoring digital competitiveness and success of digitalization and digital transformations - DESI index. The architecture of the DESI index is considered. Based on the dynamics of the DESI index and its components, it is established that in 2014-2019: the EU has made significant progress in increasing digital competitiveness, increasing the level of digitalization of the economy and society; The EU is characterized by asymmetry and disproportionate digitalisation and digital transformation. Based on cluster analysis, it is established that the leading countries in terms of digitalization and the effectiveness of digital transformations are: Finland, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands; followers: Malta, Ireland, Estonia, Great Britain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Spain, Germany, Austria, Lithuania, France, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Portugal; outsiders: Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Cyprus, Italy, Romania, Greece, Bulgaria. It is established that the most dynamic digital transformations took place in such countries as: Ireland, the Netherlands, Malta, Spain, Hungary, Germany, Finland, Belgium; the slowest - Bulgaria, Greece, Slovakia, Latvia, Portugal, the Czech Republic. It is determined that the greatest successes in 2014-2019 the EU has achieved in the field of digitization of public services, the use of the Internet; the smallest - digitalization of business and development of e-commerce (Integration of digital technologies), deployment of broadband infrastructure and ensuring its quality (communication).